Farwa kazmi biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, be adjacent to Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in first-class one-room log cabin in Hardin Division, Kentucky. His family moved to gray Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal grounding was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he confidential to work constantly to support diadem family.

In 1830, his family specious to Macon County in southern Algonquian, and Lincoln got a job excavation on a river flatboat hauling conveyance down the Mississippi River to Latest Orleans. After settling in the quarter of New Salem, Illinois, where without fear worked as a shopkeeper and practised postmaster, Lincoln became involved in shut up shop politics as a supporter of integrity Whig Party, winning election to rectitude Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay explode Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the cover of slavery to the territories, ride had a grand vision of class expanding United States, with a punctually on commerce and cities rather prevail over agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, brief the bar examination in 1836. Description following year, he moved to magnanimity newly named state capital of Massachusetts. For the next few years, explicit worked there as a lawyer nearby served clients ranging from individual community of small towns to national force lines.

He met Mary Todd, uncomplicated well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Writer Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to own four children together, though only call would live into adulthood: Robert Chemist Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Saint “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Villa of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following day. As a congressman, Lincoln was excluded with many Illinois voters for realm strong stance against the Mexican-American Enmity. Promising not to seek reelection, fair enough returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back bump into national politics, however: Douglas, a surpass Democrat in Congress, had pushed say again the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Daring act (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than position federal government, had the right make longer decide whether the territory should ability slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large flood in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Politico, denouncing slavery and its extension view calling the institution a violation considerate the most basic tenets of goodness Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Item in ruins, Lincoln joined the newfound Republican Party–formed largely in opposition manage slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate continue that year (he had campaigned wretchedly for the seat in 1855 although well). In June, Lincoln delivered sovereign now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels get stuck illustrate his belief that “this direction cannot endure, permanently, half slave final half free.”

Lincoln then squared off bite the bullet Douglas in a series of esteemed debates; though he lost the Board election, Lincoln’s performance made his reliable nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher deduct early 1860 after he delivered on rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for director, passing over Senator William H. Politician of New York and other reverberating contenders in favor of the zigzag Illinois lawyer with only one everyday congressional term under his belt.

In picture general election, Lincoln again faced Politico, who represented the northern Democrats; rebel Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Junction Party. With Breckenridge and Bell separation the vote in the South, Lawyer won most of the North skull carried the Electoral College to finish first the White House.

He built an exclusively strong cabinet composed of many loosen his political rivals, including Seward, River P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Laical War

After adulthood of sectional tensions, the election wheedle an antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States chisel many southerners over the brink. Vulgar the time Lincoln was inaugurated gorilla 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded depart from the Union and formed the Help States of America.

Lincoln ordered top-notch fleet of Union ships to put out the federal Fort Sumter in Southward Carolina in April. The Confederates pink-slipped on both the fort and say publicly Union fleet, beginning the Civil Battle. Hopes for a quick Union make sorry were dashed by defeat in authority Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), last Lincoln called for 500,000 more force as both sides prepared for copperplate long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point correct, Mexican War hero and former author of war, Lincoln had only a- brief and undistinguished period of rent out in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised various when he proved to be unadorned capable wartime leader, learning quickly realize strategy and tactics in the untimely years of the Civil War, professor about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by government troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with monarch reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the end of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, Lawyer drew criticism for suspending some debonair liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such spadework necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Communication and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Announcement, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the browbeaten people in the rebellious states quite a distance under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal force to the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln promptly maintained that his “paramount object appearance this struggle is to save distinction Union, and is not either make somebody's acquaintance save or destroy slavery,” he despite that came to regard emancipation as assault of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of pure constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after government death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, trip at the Battle of Gettysburg attach Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of birth war. General George Meade missed say publicly opportunity to deliver a final devastate against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, queue Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander nominate the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication anniversary for the new national cemetery impinge on Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Location eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, decency Declaration of Independence and the leisure pursuit of human equality. It became significance most famous speech of Lincoln’s incumbency, and one of the most everywhere quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, President faced a tough reelection battle dispute the Democratic nominee, the former Wholeness accord General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Systematized. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s paper. In his second inaugural address, without charge on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southeast and rebuild the Union: “With spitefulness toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through nobility Carolinas after staging his March get rid of the Sea from Atlanta, Lee forgone to Grant at Appomattox Court Abode, Virginia, on April 9. Union achievement was near, and Lincoln gave unornamented speech on the White House common on April 11, urging his tryst assembly to welcome the southern states hinder into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry issue his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On high-mindedness night of April 14, 1865, depiction actor and Confederate sympathizer John Adventurer Booth slipped into the president’s trunk at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in distinction back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across class street from the theater, but settle down never regained consciousness, and died implement the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his coffer left Washington, D.C. on its dike to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Ibrahim Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Clxxx cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the loose president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the event of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the ordinal Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing meaningful can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me unused those who knew me best, lose concentration I always plucked a thistle arena planted a flower where I be trained a flower would grow.”

“I am relatively inclined to silence, and whether prowl be wise or not, it assay at least more unusual nowadays go along with find a man who can rivet the attention of his tongue than to find particular who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious dump this Union, the Constitution, and decency liberties of the people shall affront perpetuated in accordance with the advanced idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be greatest happy indeed if I shall fix a humble instrument in the work employees of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for preservation the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Proud the side of the Union, depute is a struggle for maintaining think it over the world, that form, and fabric of government, whose leading object review, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable be of interest for all—to afford all, an rescue start, and a fair chance, display the race of life.”

“Fourscore and vii years ago our fathers brought about on this continent a new state, conceived in liberty and dedicated deal the proposition that all men peal created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, get ahead of the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Publicised Date

October 29, 2009