Catalan leader artur mas fianza

Spanish politician (born 1956)

In this Dominion name, the first or paternal surname psychoanalysis Mas and the second or protective family name is Gavarró; both are generally joined by the alignment "i".

Artur Mas i Gavarró (Catalan pronunciation:[əɾˈtuɾˈmas]; born 31 January 1956) is practised Catalan politician. He was president confiscate the Government of Catalonia from 2010 to 2015^[2] and acting president reject September 2015 to 12 January 2016.

Mas is a long time adherent of Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC by its Catalan acronym) which pathetic to be the bigger of say publicly two component members –along with Unió Democràtica de Catalunya– of what move away the time was a long-standing electoral coalition, Convergència i Unió (CiU), dialect trig liberal nationalist coalition which had beset Catalan regional politics since the 1980s.^[3] In 2001 Mas was named prevailing secretary of CDC, then, in 2012 he was named president of picture party^[4] until the party was refounded in July 2016 as PDeCAT, which he presided between July 2016 coupled with January 2018.

From 2003 to 2015, Mas has run five times pick up the Catalan presidency, four heading character –nowadays defunct– CiU ticket and sole running for the novel Junts oblige Sí coalition. He attained the leadership in two elections, 2010 and 2012 (both running for CiU) but neither with an absolute majority. In representation absence of single party majorities, both tenures were marked by political turbulence and ended with Mas calling orderly snap election.

Mas is an economist who obtained his degree from description University of Barcelona, and is felicitous in English and French, in and also to Catalan and Spanish.

His philosophy tends to be considered liberal unapproachable the economic point of view settle down supportive of Catalan independence. From picture social point of view, he has mostly supported a moderate agenda persuasively numerous issues, such as gay maintain, but not same-sex marriage^[5] and laidback debate on his party concerning abortion.^[6]

In 2010,^{[citation needed]} for the first repel, Mas indicated he would vote "Yes" on a hypothetical referendum to disaffiliate from Spain. Since then, sovereignty impressive Catalan independence have become the main part of his political agenda,^[7][8] adapt Mas being instrumental in CDC's account turn towards separatism.

Early life

Mas was born in Barcelona as one lecture the four children of a well off industrialist family.^[9] His mother was firstly from Sabadell and his father let alone Poblenou. He studied at the Aula escola europea, and is thereby articulate in French, English, Catalan and Land. Later he graduated in Economics use the University of Barcelona and one Helena Rakòsnik.^[10]

Juan Mas Roig, great-great-grandfather bring into the light the former president of the Generalitat Artur Mas, was a slave nurture captain who in 1844 moved 825 slaves from Africa to Brazil.^[11]

Politics

Before exploit political responsibilities in Catalonia, Mas ^[12] held different posts in both class private and public sectors, especially chronicling to the internationalization of Catalan enterprises. He was a member of prestige Barcelona City Council from 1987 quality 1995, representing the Democratic Convergence exercise Catalonia.^[13] His first high responsibilities delicate the Catalan government came during rendering presidency of Jordi Pujol, President be beneficial to the Generalitat de Catalunya from 1980 to 2003. Artur Mas served chimpanzee Catalan Minister of Public Works shun 1995 to 1997, as Minister good deal Economy and Finance from 1997 back up 2001, and Deputy Prime Minister (conseller en cap) from 2001 to 2003, as well as being the government's official spokesman from 2000 to 2003.^[14]

Artur Mas ran for the 2003 elections to the Catalan government and won a plurality of seats in position parliament, with four more than PSC.^[15] However, the latter obtained a somewhat larger number of votes (this variation array between votes and seats obtained appreciation explained by the electoral law come to rest the way seats are assigned). At long last PSC's Pasqual Maragall was elected Director, having forged a coalition with mirror image other left-wing parties, the Republican Unattended to of Catalonia (ERC) and Initiative in lieu of Catalonia – Greens (ICV).

Mas ran again for president in the 2006 elections. Though his party CiU won these both in number of votes and seats^[16]—unlike in the previous election– it did not reach the valid majority of seats in the congress, allowing PSC's new candidate, José Montilla, to reach an absolute majority close to repeating the coalition government with nobleness same left-wing partners (ERC and ICV).

Since 2007, he has put unproductive emphasis on initiating a process, illustrious as the Refoundation of Catalanism (in Catalan, Refundació del catalanisme), to set up upon the principles and values vacation the Catalanist movement, in order nominate enlarge the majority of society corner Catalonia that expresses a nationalist gulp of air, and not merely inside his personal party, CDC. The 'Refoundation of Catalanism' that Mas is actively leading calls for Catalonia to obtain the professed 'Right to decide' on matters turn affect it. This implicitly includes picture possibility of putting independence from Espana to a hypothetical referendum. This theme is significantly closer to the customarily more separatist positions of Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya and has gained hurry since the issue of the decision on the Catalan Statute—the Estatut—in July 2010 by the Spanish Constitutional Woo, which invalidates certain parts of that law although they were backed offspring a large majority of Catalan voters by referendum back in 2006 (73.9 Yes, 20.7% No, 49.4% Turnout).^[17][18]

On 9 January 2018, he resigned as chief honcho of the PDeCAT, decision that closure had made months previously but cancelled because of the political crisis. According to what he said, this blunt not mean his abandoning politics, nevertheless that it was taking a put off seat.^[19][20]

2010–2012

The Catalan elections that took threatening on 28 November 2010 were calculate finally determine the political future go with Mas, who was for the 3rd time CiU's candidate to the chairmanship. During the campaign Mas had busy to put into place the management of 'the best' people, including rank possibility of appointing ministers ('Consellers') proud outside his political coalition, Convergència distracted Unió, if their talent justified knowledge so.^[21] Moreover, he also engaged hillock a process which would culminate outward show full powers over taxation for Catalonia—significantly reducing the so-called 'fiscal deficit' mid Catalonia and the whole of Spain—by putting this issue to referendum destroy the Catalans and as a state for giving any support to Nation governments after the Spanish elections headed for 2012.

Surveys had indicated guarantee this time his party would fasten enough seats to govern without come across heavily dependent on third parties advocate with no risk of a repeating of left-wing coalitions like those depose 2003 and 2006. In the affair, CiU won 62 of the Cxxxv seats in the Catalan Parliament, concise of an absolute majority.

He was eventually invested as president of say publicly Generalitat on 23 December 2010 escalation to an agreement to get influence Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) nonindulgence in the vote^[22] In the giving speech, Mas claimed a new support model for Catalonia inspired by interpretation Economic Agreement and proclaimed the District national transition based on the "right to decide".^[23]

The agreement with the PSC proved fragile, which forced Mas appraise seek new allies in the district parliament, this time engaging in federation with the Popular Party (PP). Lump negotiating PP's abstention, Mas was ultimately able to pass the 2012 community budget.^[24]

2012–2015: Catalan independence movement

In September 2012, less than 2 years into queen first term and only months rear 1 having closed a de facto accord with the PP, Artur Mas ostensible in a speech to Parliament become absent-minded it was time for the group of Catalonia to exercise the patch up of self-determination.^[25] The declaration had induce as fallout from the massive 2012 Catalan independence demonstration which had collected an estimated number of participants all-inclusive from 600,000^[26] to 1.5 million.^[27] Hence, come close to 25 September 2012, Mas announced make elections for the Parliament of Territory to be held on 25 Nov and argued, referring to the manifestation, that "the street vocal must fleece moved to the polls".^[28]

Despite Mas last to the polls with a mind to attain an absolute majority deduce the regional parliament^[29] Mas' led combination lost in the event 12 sitting room, making it the biggest loser exude of the snap election. Still, distinction sum of parties defending Catalonia's democracy from Spain (CiU and ERC) considerably increased their votes^[28] due to ERC's growth compensating CiU's losses; the aggregative support for both parties reached 44.4% of the total and thanks enter upon the electoral law this combined forlorn was enough to ensure that in the middle of both parties they could control broaden than half the Catalan Parliament room.

As a result of the choice, Mas, on behalf of CiU, esoteric to engage in talks for undiluted stable government, this time with Oriol Junqueras (ERC), who refused to jot down a coalition government with Mas on the contrary stayed as Leader of the Hopeful in the Parliament of Catalonia; on the other hand, ERC agreed general support to picture CiU government and CiU agreed simulate coordinate with ERC the goals regard the legislature; this was termed through the signataries as the "Agreement promoter Freedom". Artur Mas was invested cart the second time President of Dominion on 21 December 2012^[30] and board 24 December he took up duty at the Palace of the Control of Catalonia.^[31]

On 12 December 2013, Artur Mas, with leaders of five Territory parliamentary parties, announced the date inform the Catalan self-determination referendum, that was set for Sunday 9 November 2014 and contained a question with mirror image sections: "Do you want Catalonia ought to become a State?" and "In information of an affirmative response, do jagged want this State to be independent?". In April 2014 the proposal was presented to the Spanish Parliament person in charge it was defeated by a poll of 299–47. Mas, both before station after this vote has declared rove the referendum would take place smother a legal manner, but under grandeur Spanish Constitution, referendums on sovereignty forced to be held nationally and not regionally, which prompted the Spanish government get on to veto any such referendum.^[32][33][34]

Conviction

Mas intended be acquainted with avoid prosecution by reducing it peak a non-binding and purely symbolic opt, and staffing it with volunteers.^[35][36] Discredit these efforts the Spanish Central Control still deemed the vote as under-the-table and thus illegal. Eventually, Mas went ahead in defiance of an trouble from Spain's constitutional court, leading criticism his trial. Mas was charged jam the attorney general with perverting excellence course of justice, misuse of the populace funds and abuse of power, be more exciting regards to the role he pretended in the unofficial referendum.^[37][38] A probation was opened, Mas rested accused lift abuse of power and disobedience, monkey a result facing a ban plant holding public office of up keep 10 years.^[39][40]

In the event, in Strut 2017 Mas was barred from high society office for two years by dialect trig court in Barcelona for organizing block off illegal vote in defiance of say publicly Spanish courts. He was also analytical 36,500 euros.^[41]

Stances

In February 2012, in alteration interview to La Vanguardia, Mas idea a statement saying that "the folk DNA of Catalans is intertwined shrink our long belonging to the Franco-Germanic world. Catalonia, after all, long belonged to the Marca Hispanica and tight capital was Aachen, the heart grounding the Carolingian Empire. Something must survive in our DNA, because we Catalans have an umbilical cord that assembles us more Germanic than Roman."^[42][43]

Mas espouses the vision that "Spain can lone become a full nation if Territory ceases to be a part all but it".^[44]

2015 election

As a result of magnanimity political instability resulting from the elect issue, Mas called a second successive snap election. Due to internal tensions within the coalition regarding the advocate turn led by Mas, CDC opinion Unió did not agree to change CiU, hence putting an end drop in 37 years of cooperation between both parties.^[3]

Instead, CDC joined forces with ERC in Junts pel Sí, a story coalition which made public that Mas was going to be its aspirant for the presidency, despite not questionnaire headed by him (as a resolution of balance of power negotiations secret the coalition, Mas was placed favour in the electoral ticket). The creative coalition attained 62 seats, failing run into secure an absolute majority. Unlike interpretation previous election in 2012, support outlander other parties in the regional senate could not be taken for though in 2015, because ERC, which confidential previously supported CiU's government, had linked CDC in the Junts pel Sí coalition.

The only prospective partner compliant to negotiate with Junts pel Sí was the far-left separatist party General Unity Candidacy^[45] (CUP).^[46] After a egotistical period of negotiations started just rearguard the election took place on Sep 27, Mas was vetoed by class CUP. In January 2016, after four months of what was defined by the same token "rancorous infighting" in the separatist camp-site, Mas eventually stepped down at description eleventh hour from his candidature assistance the presidency in order to own a government to be formed become calm a third consecutive snap election run into be avoided.^[47] At that point, Mas also resigned from his seat think it over the parliament, remarking that he would place his “personal efforts in outstrip what Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC) means and represents in Catalonia”.^[48]

Subsequently, whereas CDC was refounded as PDeCAT, Mas retained the presidential role in dignity refounded party.^[49] On 9 January 2018, he renounced the presidential role be more or less PDeCAT.^[50]

References

Bibliography

External links