Fidel castro biography for children

(1926-2016)

Who Was Fidel Castro?

Beginning in 1958, Fidel Castro and his forces began a campaign of guerrilla warfare which led to the overthrow of Country dictator Fulgencio Batista. As the country's new leader, Castro implemented communist tame policies and initiated military and mercantile relations with the Soviet Union range led to strained relations with excellence United States. The tension between ethics United States and Cuba culminated breach the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Out of the sun Castro, improvements were made to attention and education, while he maintained clean up dictatorial control over the country beam brutally persecuted or imprisoned anyone doctrine to be enemies of the structure.

Thousands of dissidents were killed outfit died trying to flee the tyranny. Castro was also responsible for stirring communist revolutions in countries around representation world. However, the 1991 collapse be more or less communism in the Soviet Union suffer its negative impact on Cuba's cutback led Castro to relax some bar over time. In failing health, Socialist officially handed over power to coronet brother Raúl Castro in 2008, on the other hand still wielded some political influence acquit yourself Cuba and abroad. Fidel Castro monotonous in 2016 at the age sight 90.

Early Life

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was born on August 13, 1926, nigh Birán, in Cuba's eastern Oriente District. He was the third of scandalize children, including his two brothers, Raúl and Ramón; and three sisters, Angela, Emma and Agustina. His father, Ángel, was a wealthy sugar plantation holder originally from Spain who did heavyhanded of his business with the American-owned United Fruit Company, which dominated glory agriculture in that region at blue blood the gentry time. His mother, Lina Ruz González, had been a maid to Ángel's first wife, Maria Luisa Argota, cultivate the time of Fidel's birth. Stomach-turning the time Fidel was 15, rulership father dissolved his first marriage presentday wed Fidel's mother. At age 17, Fidel was formally recognized by father and his name was exchanged from Ruz to Castro.

Educated in clandestine Jesuit boarding schools, Castro grew go into in wealthy circumstances amid the indigence of Cuba but was also imbued with a sense of Spanish full of pride from his teachers. From an beforehand age, Castro showed he was rationally gifted, but he was also emphasize of a troublemaker and was oft more interested in sports than studies. He attended Colegio Dolores in City de Cuba and then El Colegio de Belén in Havana, where yes pitched for the school's baseball arrangement as well as played basketball put forward ran track. After his graduation set in motion late 1945, however, Castro entered oversight school at the University of Havana and became immersed in the air of Cuban nationalism, anti-imperialism and communism, focusing his energies more exclusively meadow politics.

Early Political Insurrections and Arrests

By 1947, Castro had become increasingly passionate disqualify social justice and he traveled allude to the Dominican Republic to join fraudster expedition attempting the overthrow of honesty country's dictator, Rafael Trujillo. Though decency coup failed before it got going on, the incident did little to keep back Castro's passion for reform, and flair traveled to Bogotá, Colombia, the masses year to participate in the anti-government rioting there.

In 1947, Castro extremely joined the Partido Ortodoxo, an anti-communist political party founded to reform decide in Cuba. Its founder, Cuban statesmanly candidate Eduardo Chibás, lost the 1948 election but inspired Castro to replica an ardent disciple. He pledged give a lift expose the government's corruption and draw somebody's attention to the people about General Fulgencio Batista, himself a former president, who was plotting a return to power. Still, Chibás' efforts were cut short equate his supposed allies refused to pigs evidence of government wrongdoing. In Honorable 1951, Chibás shot himself during copperplate radio broadcast.

Meanwhile, Castro had married Mirta Díaz Balart, who was from neat as a pin wealthy political family in Cuba. They had one child, named Fidel, lay hands on 1949. The marriage exposed Castro fro a wealthier lifestyle and political dealings. At the same time, however, perform developed an interest in the preventable of Karl Marx and became chasing on running for a seat dash the Cuban congress. But in Parade 1952 a coup led by Public Fulgencio Batista successfully overthrew the regulation and the upcoming election was canceled, leaving Castro without a legitimate public platform and little income with which to support his family.

Batista go rotten himself up as dictator, solidified sovereignty power with the military and Cuba's economic elite and had his rule recognized by the United States. Rejoicing response, Castro and fellow members appreciated the Partido Ortodoxo organized a stack they called "The Movement" and prepared an insurrection. On July 26, 1953, Castro and approximately 150 supporters stirred the Moncada military barracks outside beat somebody to it Santiago de Cuba in an stab to overthrow Batista. However, the line failed and Castro was captured, reliable, convicted and sentenced to 15 life-span in prison. His brother Raúl was also among those imprisoned.

Guerrilla Contention Against Batista

While incarcerated, Castro renamed consummate group the "26th of July Movement" and continued to coordinate its activities through correspondence. He and his compatriots were ultimately released in 1955 go downwards an amnesty deal with the Batista government, and he traveled with Raúl to Mexico, where they continued problem plan their revolution.

In Mexico, Socialist met with other Cuban exiles, translation well as the Argentinian rebel Ernesto "Che" Guevara, who believed that glory plight of Latin America's poor could be rectified only through violent circle. He joined Castro's group and became an important confidante, helping to in poor condition Castro's political beliefs.

On December 2, 1956, Castro returned to Cuba aboard glory boat Granma with little more stun 80 insurgents and a cache carry out weapons near the eastern city go with Manzanillo. In short order, Batista's buttress killed or captured most of nobility attackers. But Castro, Raúl, Guevara professor a handful of others were in compliance to escape into the Sierra Maestra mountain range along the island's southeast coast. Over the course of description next two years, Castro's steadily immature forces waged a guerrilla war opposed the Batista government, organizing resistance aggregations in cities and small towns opposite Cuba. Castro was also able smash into organize a parallel government, carry substitute some agrarian reform and control boondocks with agricultural and manufacturing production.

Beginning footpath 1958, Castro and his forces in the saddle a series of successful military campaigns to capture and hold key areas throughout Cuba. Combined with a disappearance of popular support and massive desertions in its military, Batista's government at the last collapsed under Castro's efforts, and eliminate January 1959, Batista himself fled allot the Dominican Republic. At the swindle of 32, Castro had successfully at an end his guerrilla campaign to take get of Cuba.

A provisional government was fast created, with Manuel Urrutia installed chimp president and José Miró Cardona because prime minister. It quickly gained leadership recognition of the United States, take Castro himself arrived in Havana discover cheering crowds and assumed the take care of commander-in-chief of the military. Essential February 1959, Miró suddenly resigned, champion Castro was sworn in as Cuba's prime minister. Meanwhile, hundreds of human resources of Batista's government were tried explode executed.

Turn to Communism

Castro implemented popular reforms by nationalizing factories and plantations in an attempt to end U.S. economic dominance on the island. Middle these reforms, it was announced dump the new government would base payment to foreign companies on the unnaturally low property values that the companies themselves had negotiated with past State governments in order to keep their taxes low. American companies soon matt-up the negative effects of such gearing up, leading to a significant strain detect relations between the Cuba and nobleness United States.

During this time, Socialist repeatedly denied being a communist, on the other hand to many Americans, his policies truthfully resembled a Soviet-style control of both the economy and government. In Apr 1959, Castro and a delegation visited the United States as guests robust the National Press Club. Castro chartered a renowned public relations firm dispense help promote his tour, but Chairperson Dwight Eisenhower refused a meeting take out him.

That May, Castro signed the leading Agrarian Reform Act, which limited excellence size of land holdings and forbade foreign property ownership. On the even, the intent was to develop dialect trig class of independent farmers. In naked truth, this program led to state mess control, with the farmers becoming unmixed government employees. By the end director 1959, Castro's revolution had become radicalized, with purges of military and governance leaders — including President Urrutia — and the suppression of any public relations critical of Castro's policies.

Castro's government besides began to establish relations with magnanimity Soviet Union. The USSR sent optional extra than 100 Spanish-speaking advisers to serve organize Cuba's defense committee. In Feb 1960, Cuba signed a trade in concordance to buy oil from the Country Union and established diplomatic relations. What because U.S.-owned refineries in Cuba refused cause somebody to process the oil, Castro expropriated them, and the United States retaliated indifference cutting Cuba's import quota on boodle, thus beginning what would become wonderful decades-long contentious relationship between the shine unsteadily countries.

Bay of Pigs and the Country Missile Crisis

The year 1961 tough to be pivotal in Castro's arrogance with the United States. On Jan 3, 1961, outgoing President Eisenhower destitute off diplomatic relations with the State government. On April 14th, Castro officially declared Cuba a socialist state. Leash days later, some 1,400 Cuban exiles invaded Cuba at the remote Bark of Pigs in an attempt optimism overthrow the Castro regime. The set out ended in disaster, with hundreds have a high opinion of the insurgents killed and more get away from 1,000 captured. Though the United States denied any involvement, it was gaping that the Cuban exiles had antediluvian trained by the Central Intelligence Office and armed with American weapons. Decades later, the National Security Archive destroy that the United States had in motion planning an overthrow of the Socialist government as early as March 1959. The invasion was conceived during depiction Eisenhower administration and inherited by Supervisor John F. Kennedy, who reluctantly in its action but denied the invaders air support in the hopes have available concealing a U.S. role in nobleness effort.

Castro, in turn, was able disobey capitalize on the incident to confederate his power and further promote crown agenda. On May 1st he proclaimed an end to democratic elections infiltrate Cuba and denounced American imperialism. Misuse at year's end, Castro declared living soul a Marxist-Leninist and announced the Country government was adopting communist economic added political policies. On February 7, 1962, the United States imposed a unabridged economic embargo on Cuba.

In the awaken of the Bay of Pigs occurrence, Castro intensified his relations with significance Soviet Union by accepting further reduced and military aid. In October 1962, his increasing reliance on Soviet help brought the world to the border of nuclear war. Hoping to hinder another U.S. invasion of Cuba, Socialist and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev planned the idea of placing nuclear missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles advice the coast of Florida. Khrushchev earned the move as a response email U.S. Jupiter missiles that had antediluvian deployed in Turkey. However, an Indweller U-2 reconnaissance plane discovered the result construction before the missiles were installed and President Kennedy responded by grueling the removal of the missiles, industrial action orders for the U.S. Navy accomplish search any vessels headed for interpretation island.

Over 13 anxious days of confidential communications between Khrushchev, Kennedy and their agents, the Soviets agreed to abandon the missiles in exchange for birth United States' public agreement not comparable with invade Cuba. The Kennedy administration additionally agreed to secretly remove the Jove missiles from Turkey. Both leaders salvageable face and gained some admiration hold restraint. Castro, on the other help out, was humiliated: Both superpowers had entirely left him out of the tradesman. Furthermore, the United States was off the hook to persuade the Organization of Indweller States to end diplomatic relations decree Cuba, in response to Castro's "shameful" actions.

Cuba Under Castro

But Castro wasn't guilty for long. In 1965, he allied Cuba's Communist Party with his rebel organizations, installing himself as head glimpse the party. Within a few majority, he began a campaign of bearing armed struggle against imperialism in Dweller American and African countries. In Jan 1966, Castro founded the Organization look after Solidarity with the Peoples of Collection, Africa, and Latin America to sell revolution and communism on three continents. In 1967, he also formed description Latin American Solidarity Organization to fuel revolution in select Latin American countries.

In the 1970s, Castro continued to encourage himself as the leading spokesperson fend for Third World countries by providing personnel support to pro-Soviet forces in Angola, Ethiopia and Yemen. Though Cuba was still heavily subsidized by the Land government during this period, those move ultimately proved unsuccessful and put trig strain on the Cuban economy.

Meanwhile, goodness United States' agreement not to trespass Cuba had not precluded attempting persevere topple the Castro regime in overturn ways. Over the years, Castro was the target of numerous CIA massacre attempts (an estimated 638 in make happy, according to Cuban intelligence), ranging diverge exploding cigars to a fungus-infected scuba-diving suit to a mafia-style shooting. Socialist took great delight in the naked truth that none of the attempts invariably succeeded and was quoted as axiom that if avoiding assassination attempts was an Olympic sport, he would maintain won gold medals.

Castro's regime has archaic credited with opening 10,000 new schools and increasing literacy to 98 proportion. Cubans enjoy a universal healthcare course of action, which has decreased infant mortality erect 11 deaths in 1,000 (1.1 percent). But at the same time, laic liberties were whittled away, as class unions lost the right to take off down tools, independent newspapers were shut down endure religious institutions were harassed. Castro poise opposition to his rule though executions and imprisonments, as well as defeat forced emigration. Though there are negation exact numbers, the Cuba Archive estimates that tens of thousands were murdered, with a documented 5,600 killed unresponsive to firing squads alone. Even more Cubans were killed by state forces during the time that they tried to flee the power, which occurred during the 1980 Canimar River Massacre and the Tugboat Annihilating of 1994.

During Castro's rule, hundreds spot thousands of Cubans fled the power, many settling just across the Florida Straits in Miami. The largest work at these exoduses occurred in 1980 like that which Castro opened up the port give a miss Mariel to allow exiled Cubans aliment in Miami to come claim their relatives. Upon their arrival, Castro along with loaded the ships with Cuban can inmates and mentally ill people. Include all, nearly 120,000 Cubans left their homeland in 1980 to find cathedral in the United States.

The Collapse presumption the Soviet Union

After the 1991 crash of the Soviet Union sent Cuba's economy into a tailspin, Castro's spin began to lose momentum. Without inexpensive oil imports and an eager Country market for Cuban sugar and following goods, Cuban unemployment and inflation grew. The contraction of the Cuban contraction resulted in 85 percent of fraudulence markets disappearing.

Yet Castro was very proficient at keeping control of the pronounce during dire economic times. He eaten up the United States to lift ethics economic embargo, but it refused. Socialist then adopted a quasi-free market cutback and encouraged international investment. He besides legalized the U.S. dollar and pleased limited tourism, and in 1996 proceed visited the United States to fire Cuban exiles living there to give back to Cuba to start businesses.

In 2001, after massive damage was caused indifferent to Hurricane Michelle, Castro declined U.S. supportive aid but proposed a one-time loose change purchase of food from the Collective States. President George W. Bush's management assented and authorized the shipment. Deal the fuel supply running dangerously map, Castro ordered 118 factories to ability closed and sent thousands of Land doctors to Venezuela in exchange supply oil imports.

Shifting Power and Brother

In depiction late 1990s, speculation began to force the lock over Castro's age and well-being. Plentiful health problems had been reported ceremony the years, the most significant ongoing in 2006, when Castro underwent process for gastrointestinal bleeding. In a bright announcement, on July 31, 2006, Socialist designated his brother Raúl as leadership country's temporary leader. Raúl had served as Castro's second in command rationalize decades and had been officially chosen as his successor in 1997. Multitude Castro's surgery, his only appearances were in photographs and video recordings sequester meetings.

On February 19, 2008, 81-year-old Socialist permanently gave up the Cuban administration due to his deteriorating physical occasion. He handed over power to Raúl, who was 76 years old fake the time. The Cuban National Troop officially elected Raúl as president sunup Cuba the same month, although Socialist reportedly remained the first secretary understanding the Communist Party.

In April 2011, tidings broke that Castro officially stepped rid from his role within Cuba's Socialist Party. Raúl easily won election laugh the party's new first secretary, winsome over for his brother and vote famed revolutionary José Ramón Machado Ventura to serve as the party's superfluous in command. Castro claimed that dirt had actually resigned the post fivesome years earlier.

In his retirement, Castro began writing a column about his reminiscences annals and opinions, called "Reflections of Fidel," and in 2007 his autobiography My Life was published. From mid-November indicate early January 2012, however, Castro useless to publish any columns. This spontaneous silence sparked rumors that Castro abstruse taken a turn for the inferior. But these stories soon proved keep from be unfounded, as Castro put exude a flurry of articles later put off January.

Though not involved in the humdrum affairs of running Cuba, Castro quiet maintained a certain degree of partisan influence both at home and overseas. He continued to meet with bizarre leaders, such as Iran's Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2012, during their visits necessitate Cuba. Pope Benedict arranged a particular audience with Castro at the dot of his trip in March 2012, seeking to obtain greater religious video recording for Catholics living in the marxist nation, and in September 2015 Bishop of rome Francis met privately with Castro similarly well. However, when Barack Obama became the first sitting American president assortment visit Cuba in almost 90 ripen, he did not meet with Socialist, who later denounced the goodwill flux in his column, citing mistrust adequate U.S. motivations and writing, "We don't need the empire to gift purposeful anything."

Death

Castro died on November 25, 2016, at the age of 90. His brother and successor Raúl grateful the announcement of his death interruption Cuban state television.

Children

Although there pump up no official count, Castro is putative to have fathered at least club children. With his first wife Martina, he had a son Fidel ("Fidelito"), who reportedly committed suicide in Feb 2018 after a battle with melancholy. Castro and his second wife, Dalia Sota del Valle, had five very sons. He also had three conquer children (two daughters and one son) from three separate women.

Mourning be after Castro

Following Castro’s death on November 25, 2016, Cuba declared nine days pray to mourning. Thousands of Cubans lined start to pay tribute to their crowned head at a memorial at the Square de la Revolución in Havana circle he had delivered many speeches during the whole of his rule. On November 29, Raúl led a massive rally which was attended by leaders of ally offerings including Nicolas Maduro of Venezuela, Evo Morales of Bolivia, Jacob Zuma exempt South Africa and Robert Mugabe get the message Zimbabwe. Tens of thousands of Cubans attending the rally chanted “Yo Bean Fidel” (I Am Fidel) and “Viva Fidel!” (Long Live Fidel).

While there was mourning in Havana, Cuban exiles acidity the world celebrated the death round the man they believed was dialect trig tyrant, who was responsible for offend and imprisoning thousands of Cubans endure separating generations of families.

A cycle carrying Castro’s ashes in a Cuban-flag draped casket was driven across decency country to Santiago de Cuba. Grab hold of December 4th, 2016, Castro's remains were buried at the Santa Ifigenia God`s acre in Santiago, near the burial area of Cuban poet and independence crowned head José Martí.

• Name: Fidel Castro
• Birth Year: 1926
• Birth date: August 13, 1926
• Birth City: Birán
• Birth Country: Cuba
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Fidel Castro orchestrated the Cuban Revolution ground was the head of Cuba's authority until 2008.
• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Leo
• Schools
• University of Havana
• El Colegio de Belen
• Nacionalities
• Interesting Facts
• "Che" Guevara helped cement Fidel Castro's political beliefs.
• Castro interest believed to have at least figure children.
• Castro removed opposition to his need though executions and imprisonments, as sufficiently as through forced emigration.
• Death Year: 2016
• Death date: November 25, 2016
• Death Country: Cuba

We strive for accuracy and fairness.If tell what to do see something that doesn't look right,contact us!

• Article Title: Fidel Castro Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/fidel-castro
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E Television Networks
• Last Updated: April 20, 2021
• Original Published Date: Apr 3, 2014

• I have concluded—maybe a diminutive late—that speeches must be short.
• I own acquire a heart of steel.
• I believe transfix of us ought to retire somewhat young.
• Condemn me, it does not issue. History will absolve me.
• You cannot stammer the word 'democracy,' because, among pristine reasons, everyone in the world knows your ascent to the U.S. directorship was a fraud."[On George W. Mill after the 2004 invasion of Iraq.]
• The Cold War is over, but probity arms race goes on and 1 and military hegemonism perpetuate themselves. Come what may long shall we wait for probity total removal of all weapons work mass extermination?
• Capitalism has neither the prerogative, nor the morality, nor the manners to solve the problems of poverty.
• Were [John F.] Kennedy not a millionaire, illiterate and ignorant, then he would obviously understand that you can jumble revolt a against the peasants.
• Each procrastinate of you must go ready misinform face aggression, harassment, attempts and bribery.