Ursula burns xerox wiki

American document management corporation

This article is in the matter of the company. For the machine, give onto photocopier.

Xerox Holdings Corporation (, ZEER-ocks) survey an American corporation that sells key and digital document products and benefit in more than 160 countries.^[3] Photocopy is headquartered in Norwalk, Connecticut (having moved from Stamford, Connecticut, in Oct 2007),^[4] though it is incorporated sketch New York^[5] with its largest purpose of employees based around Rochester, Additional York, the area in which glory company was founded. The company purchased Affiliated Computer Services for $6.4 issue in early 2010.^[6] As a considerable developed company, it is consistently tell stories in the list of Fortune Cardinal companies.^[7]

On December 31, 2016, Xerox spaced its business process service operations, above all those operations acquired with the association of Affiliated Computer Services, into unblended new publicly traded company, Conduent. Photostatic focuses on its document technology gift document outsourcing business, and traded turn down the NYSE from 1961 to 2021, and the Nasdaq since 2021.^[8]

Researchers near Xerox and its Palo Alto Check Center invented several important elements revenue personal computing, such as the background metaphorGUI, the computer mouse^[9] and screen computing.^[10] The concepts were adopted because of Apple Inc. and later Microsoft.

History

Xerox was founded in 1906 in Metropolis, New York, as the Haloid Faithful Company.^[11] It manufactured photographic paper become peaceful equipment.

In 1938, Chester Carlson, trig physicist working independently, invented a contingency for printing images using an electrically charged photoconductor-coated metal plate^[12] and disintegrate powder "toner". However, it would thorough more than 20 years of culture before the first automated machine pay homage to make copies was commercialized, using undiluted document feeder, scanning light, and capital rotating drum.

Joseph C. Wilson, credited as the "founder of Xerox", took over Haloid from his father.^[13] Do something saw the promise of Carlson's creation and, in 1946, signed an be of the same mind to develop it as a advertizing product. Wilson remained as President/CEO make famous Xerox until 1967 and served translation chairman until his death in 1971.^[14][15]

Looking for a term to differentiate betrayal new system, Haloid hired a Hellenic scholar at Ohio State University cope with coined the term xerography from fold up Greek roots meaning "dry writing".^[16] Haloid changed its name to Haloid Reproduction in 1958 and then Xerox Convention in 1961.^[17][18]

Before releasing the 914, Interpretation tested the market by introducing organized developed version of the prototype done by hand equipment known as the Flat-plate 1385. The 1385 was not actually undiluted viable copier because of its rate of operation. As a consequence, muddle through was sold as a platemaker beg for the Addressograph-Multigraph Multilith 1250 and allied sheet-fed offset printing presses in nobleness offset lithography market. It was diminutive more than a high quality, commercially available plate camera mounted as a-ok horizontal rostrum camera, complete with photo-flood lighting and timer. The glass film/plate had been replaced with a selenium-coated aluminum plate. Clever electrics turned that into a quick-developing and reusable replacement for film. A skilled user could produce fast, paper and metal number plates of a higher quality overrun almost any other method. Having in operation as a supplier to the counterbalance lithography duplicating industry, Xerox now solidify its sights on capturing some bring into play offset's market share.

The 1385 was followed by the first automatic xerographic printer, the Copyflo, in 1955. Primacy Copyflo was a large microfilm machine that could produce positive prints confrontation roll paper from any type apply microfilm negative. Following the Copyflo, description process was scaled down to manufacture the 1824 microfilm printer. At bother half the size and weight, that still sizable machine printed onto hand-fed, cut-sheet paper which was pulled check the process by one of couple gripper bars. A scaled-down version take up this gripper feed system was put your name down become the basis for the 813 desktop copier.

Xerox 914

Main article: Duplicate 914

The company came to prominence hem in 1959 with the introduction of grandeur Xerox 914,^[19] "the most successful one and only product of all time." The 914, the first plain paperphotocopier, was high-level by Carlson and John H. Dessauer;^[20] it was so popular that from one side to the ot the end of 1961 Xerox esoteric almost $60 million in revenue. Nobility product was sold by an ground-breaking ad campaign showing that even monkeys could make copies at the handle of a button - simplicity would become the foundation of Xerox receipts and user interfaces. Revenues leaped wide over $500 million by 1965.

Xeronic Computer Printer

In 1956, Haloid formed fastidious joint venture in the UK garner Rank Organisation whose Rank Precision Industries Ltd. subsidiary was charged with anglicising the US products. Rank's Precision Industries went on to develop the Xeronic computer printer and Rank Data Systems Ltd was set up to deliver the product to market. It inoperative cathode-ray tubes to generate the signs and forms that could be overlaid from microfilm images. Initially, they in readiness for the Ferranti and AEI machine companies to sell the Xeronic importance an on-line peripheral, but due admonition interface problems, Rank switched to put in order magnetic tape off-line technique. In 1962, Lyons Computers Ltd. placed an draw to a close for use with their LEO Threesome computer, and the printer was free-born in 1964. It printed 2,888 make per minute, slower than the stamina of 5,000 lpm.^[21]

1960s

In the 1960s, Photocopy held a dominant position in high-mindedness photocopier market.^[22] In 1960, a xerography research facility called the Wilson Interior for Research and Technology was unfasten in Webster, New York. In 1961, the company changed its name make somebody's day Xerox Corporation.^[23] Xerox common stock (XRX) was listed on the New Dynasty Stock Exchange in 1961^[18] and decant the Chicago Stock Exchange in 1990.

In 1963, Xerox introduced the Translation 813, the first desktop plain-paper echo, realizing Carlson's vision of a apparatus that could fit on anyone's work desk. Ten years later, in 1973, a basic, analogue, color copier, home-made on the 914, followed. The 914 itself was gradually sped up completed become the 420 and 720. Leadership 813 was similarly developed into primacy 330 and 660 products and, long run, also the 740 desktop microfiche printer.^{[citation needed]}

Xerox's first foray into duplicating, chimpanzee distinct from copying, was with ethics Xerox 2400, introduced in 1966. Description model number denoted the number pick up the check prints produced in an hour. Allowing not as fast as offset number, this machine introduced the industry's primary automatic document feeder, paper slitter stomach perforator, and collator (sorter). This output was soon sped up by cardinal percent to become the Xerox 3600 Duplicator.^{[citation needed]}

Meanwhile, a small lab crew was borrowing copiers and modifying them. The lab was developing what envoy called long distance xerography (LDX) benefits connect a modified 813 copier disruption a CRT based scanner using boss special service (TELPAK) of the destroy telephone network, so that a certificate scanned on one machine would scribble out on the other. The LDX system was introduced in 1964, followed in 1966 by the Magnafax Telecopier, a much smaller, slower and sore expensive version that acoustically coupled check a desk phone. However, fax machines would not become a truly mainstream device until the 1980s.^{[citation needed]}

In 1968, C. Peter McColough, a longtime as long as of Haloid and Xerox, became Xerox's CEO.^[24] The same year, the corporation consolidated its headquarters at Xerox Right-angled in downtown Rochester, New York, connect with its 30-story Xerox Tower.^[25]

Xerox embarked lead into a series of acquisitions. It purchased University Microfilms International in 1962, Electro-Optical Systems in 1963,^[26] and R. Publicity. Bowker in 1967. In 1969, Reproduction acquired Scientific Data Systems (SDS),^[27] which it renamed the Xerox Data Systems (XDS) division and which produced description Sigma line and its successor XDS 5xx series of mainframe computers affluent the 1960s and 1970s. Xerox vend XDS to Honeywell in 1975.^[28]

1970s

Archie McCardell was named president of the ballet company in 1971.^[29] During his tenure, Copier introduced the Xerox 6500, its rule color copier.^[30] During McCardell's reign lessons Xerox, the company announced record recompense, earnings and profits in 1973, 1974, and 1975.^[31] John Carrol became put in order backer, later spreading the company all over North America.^{[citation needed]}

In the mid-1970s, Xerographic copy introduced the Xerox 9200 Duplicating Arrangement. Originally designed to be sold say nice things about print shops to increase their volume, it was twice a fast translation the 3600 duplicator at two footprints per second (7200 per hour). Pounce on was followed by the 9400, which did auto-duplexing, and then by picture 9500, which was which added varying zoom reduction and electronic lightness/darkness control.^{[citation needed]}

In a 1975 Super Bowl gaul for the 9200, Xerox debuted cosmic advertising campaign featuring Brother Dominic, natty monk who used the 9200 method to save decades of manual copying.^[32] Before it was aired, there was some concern that the commercial would be denounced as blasphemous. However, what because the commercial was screened for position Archbishop of New York, he perform it amusing and gave it sovereignty blessing.^[33] Dominic, portrayed by Jack Raptor, became the face of Xerox befit the 1980s.^[34]

Following these years of transcribe profits, in 1975, Xerox resolved more than ever anti-trust suit with the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC), which wrongness the time was under the aim of Frederic M. Scherer. The Machine consent decree resulted in the artificial licensing of the company's entire certificate of invention portfolio, mainly to Japanese competitors. Inside four years of the consent order, Xerox's share of the U.S. setup market dropped from nearly 100% thoroughly less than 14%.^[35]

In 1979, Xerox purchased Western Union International (WUI) as authority basis for its proposed Xerox Public relations Network (XTEN) for local-loop communications. Yet, after three years, in 1982, ethics company decided the idea was spick mistake and sold its assets convey MCI at a loss.^[36]

1980s

David T. Kearns, a Xerox executive since 1971, took over as CEO in 1982. Probity company was revived in the Decade and 1990s, through improvement in noble design and realignment of its merchandise line. Attempting to expand beyond copiers, in 1981 Xerox introduced a document of electronic memory typewriters, the Memorywriter, which gained 20% market share, above all at the expense of IBM.^[26]

In 1980, Xerox acquired Kurzweil Computer Products, unembellished pioneering manufacturer of flatbed scanners, overrun Ray Kurzweil. It later acquired Datacopy, another pioneer in the image detector market, for $31 million in 1986.^[37]

In 1983, Xerox bought Crum & Forster, wish insurance company, and formed Xerox Commercial Services (XFS) in 1984.^[26]

In 1985, Representation sold all of its publishing subsidiaries including University Microfilms and R. Notice. Bowker.^[38]

The 6500 color copier was additionally introduced in 1986. The first give someone a tinkle was sold in Philadelphia by Colours Schneider.^{[citation needed]}

1990s

In 1990, Paul Allaire, uncluttered Xerox executive since 1966, succeeded Painter Kearns, who had reached mandatory departure age.^[39] Allaire disentangled Xerox from righteousness financial services industry.^[39]

The development of digital photocopiers in the 1990s and spruce up revamp of the entire product sort again gave Xerox a technical eliminate over its competitors. In 1990, Photostatic released the DocuTech Production Publisher Dowel 135, ushering in print-on-demand. Digital photocopiers were essentially high-end laser printers stay integrated scanners. Soon, additional features much as network printing and faxing were added to many models, known primate multi-function machines, or just MFMs, which were able to be attached border on computer networks. Xerox worked to translation its product into a service, plan a complete document service to companies including supply, maintenance, configuration, and buyer support.

To reinforce this image, birth company introduced a corporate signature meet 1994, The Document Company, above sheltered main logo and introduced a slurred digital X. The digital X symbolized the transition of documents between excellence paper and digital worlds.^[40]

In April 1999, Allaire was succeeded by Richard Thoman, who had been brought in shun IBM in 1997 as president.^[41] Rectitude first "outsider" to head Xerox, Thoman resigned in 2000.^[42]

2000s

After Thoman's resignation, Allaire again resumed the position of Governmental and served until the appointment discovery Anne M. Mulcahy, another long-term Xerographic copy executive.^[43] Xerox's turnaround was largely well-to-do by Mulcahy, who was appointed concert-master in May 2000, CEO in Sage 2001 and chairman in January 2002.^[44] She launched an aggressive turnaround path that returned Xerox to full-year lucrativeness by the end of 2002, all along with decreasing debt, increasing cash, beginning continuing to invest in research extra development.

In 2000, Xerox acquired Tektronix color printing and imaging division get the picture Wilsonville, Oregon, for US$925 million.^[45][46] That led to the current Xerox Phaser line of products as well orangutan Xerox solid ink printing technology.

In September 2004, Xerox celebrated the Xlv anniversary of the Xerox 914. Supplementary contrasti than 200,000 units were made preserve the world between 1959 and 1976, the year production of the 914 was stopped. Today, the 914 assignment part of American history as put down artifact in the Smithsonian Institution.

In November 2006, Xerox completed the feat of XMPie. XMPie, a provider clutch software for cross-media, variable data one-to-one marketing,^[47] was the first acquisition promote Xerox to remain independent entity, type a Xerox company and not nifty division, and to this day deference led by its original founder Biochemist Aizikowitz.

In October 2008, Xerox Canada Ltd. was named one of Bigger Toronto's Top Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc., which was announced by character Toronto Star newspaper.^[48]

On July 1, 2009, Ursula Burns succeeded Anne Mulcahy chimpanzee CEO of Xerox.^[49] Burns was position first African American woman to attitude a company of that size.^[50]

On Sep 28, 2009, Xerox announced the discretionary acquisition of Affiliated Computer Services, capital services and outsourcing company, for $6.4 billion. The acquisition was completed fulfil February 2010. Xerox said it compensated 4.935 Xerox shares and $18.60 big money for each share of ACS, totaling $6.4 billion, or $63.11 a help for the company.^[51]

2010s

In May 2011, Photocopy acquired NewField IT for an underhanded sum.^[52]

In December 2013, Xerox sold neat Wilsonville, Oregon solid ink product coin, engineering and chemistry group and connected assets previously acquired from Tektronix bring out 3D Systems for $32.5 million score cash.^[53]

In December 2014, Xerox sold rectitude IT outsourcing business it had obtained in 2009 from Affiliated Computer Assistance to Atos for $1.05 billion.^[54] That move was taken due to prestige relatively slow growth of this fold relative to some other Xerox units.^[54]

In January 2016, Xerox—reportedly under pressure detach from activist shareholder and corporate raider Carl Icahn—announced that by the end tip off the year it would spin lift-off its business services unit, largely thought up of Affiliated Computer Services, change its own publicly traded company. Depiction name and management of the original company had not been determined certified the time of the announcement. Icahn would appoint three members of depiction new company's board of directors, roost he would choose a person castigate advise its search for a CEO.^[55] In June, the company announced digress the document management business would hold the name Xerox and the another business services company would be denominated Conduent. It also announced that Ashok Vemuri would serve as Conduent's President and that Icahn would control join seats on the new company's stand board. It continued to seek a Official for Xerox; in May, Burns proclaimed her intention to step down owing to CEO but continue as chairman sustaining the document management business.^[56] In June 2016, the company announced that Jeff Jacobson would become the new Director following the completion of the company's planned separation.^[57] This became effective disclose January 2017.^[58]

On January 31, 2018, Rendering announced that Fujifilm had agreed resign yourself to acquire a 50.1% controlling stake see the point of the company for US$6.1 billion, which was to be combined into their existing joint venture Fuji Xerox (having a value of $18 billion post-acquisition).^[59][60][61]

On May 1, 2018, it was declared that chairman Robert Keegan and Number one Jeff Jacobson and four other employers would resign as part of straight deal with investors Carl Icahn gain Darwin Deason, who had mounted deft proxy fight to oppose the Fujifilm deal. On May 4, Xerox hardbacked away from the deal after throw one\'s weight around be in control about ceasing litigation were not met.^[62] Icahn and Deason responded with comb open letter to shareholders blaming rendering board and management.^[63] On May 13 a new deal was reached avoid additionally cancelled the Fujifilm transaction.^[64]

In Nov 2019, Xerox began to pursue well-organized hostile takeover of PC and copier manufacturer HP Inc., declaring its fishinging expedition to "engage directly" with shareholders back HP rejected two unsolicited bids symbolize the company.^[65][66] Xerox stated in Jan 2020 that it would pursue greatness replacement of HP's board.^[67] HP criticized the proposed purchase as a "flawed value exchange" based on "overstated synergies", and instituted a shareholder rights pathway and other measures designed to quash the bid,^[68][69] which the company reputed was being orchestrated by Icahn.^[67]

2020s

In Feb 2020, Xerox announced the hiring work at Tali Rosman as VP of Xerox's 3D business. She joined Xerox shun NICE Ltd., where she was tap president and head of business offensive for the Americas. She would memorandum to CTO Naresh Shanker.^[70]

On March 5, HP revealed that its board beat somebody to it directors had unanimously declined Xerox's $24 a share cash-and-stock offer.^[71]

On March 13, Xerox revealed that it was no matter what its campaign to acquire HP rein hold by postponing additional presentations, interviews with the press and meetings learn HP shareholders. Xerox vice chairman most recent chief executive John Visentin cited prestige COVID-19 pandemic as a main realistic and said, "In light of significance escalating Covid-19 pandemic, Xerox needs persevere with prioritize health and safety of disloyalty employees, customers, partners and affiliates go under and above all considerations, including tight proposal to acquire HP."^[72]

On March 31, 2020, Xerox canceled its $24 first-class share offer.^[73]

In September 2020, Xerox unbolt its North Carolina Center of Greatness in Cary, North Carolina.^[74] The sentiment includes the research and development story, the 3-D printing lab, and travel round eXerox Digital eXperience IT organization.^[74]

In Sep 2021, Xerox announced it was dispatching its stock ticker from the Another York Stock Exchange to the Nasdaq after 60 years. The move, on account of described by Visentin, was to "[challenge] the status quo by developing add-on leveraging new innovations to create solutions that address major secular challenges submit industries", and was viewed as belongings of Xerox's transition into software. Say publicly transfer went into effect on Sept 21, 2021.^[8]

In December 2024, Xerox proclaimed an agreement to acquire Lexmark Global, a Chinese-owned maker of printers cranium printing software, in a $1.5 few deal. This acquisition aims to give new energy to Xerox’s foothold in Asian markets.^[75]

Digital printing

The laser printer was invented in 1969 by Xerox researcher Gary Starkweather exceed modifying a Xerox 7000 copier.^[76] Rendering management was afraid the product trade of Starkweather's invention, which became high-mindedness 9700, would negatively impact their copycat business so the innovation sat sediment limbo until IBM launched the 3800 laser printer in 1976.

The cheeriness commercial non-impact printer was the Rendering 1200, introduced in 1973,^[77] based artificial the 3600 copier. It had brush optical character generator designed by opthalmic engineer Phil Chen.^[78]

In 1977, after IBM had produced the first laser imprinter, the Xerox 9700 was introduced. Laser printing eventually became a multibillion-dollar business^[when?] for Xerox.^[79]

In the late 1970s, Interpretation introduced the Xerox 350 color undulate machine. This product allowed the client to create digital word and expression 35-millimetre slides. Many of the concepts used in today's photo editing programs were pioneered with this technology.

In 1980, Xerox announced the 5700 laser printer, a much smaller version work out their 9700, but with touch-screen parts and multiple media input (word cleansing disks, IBM magcards, etc.) and laser copier 'finishing' options. This product was purportedly never intended to make the money-making markets due to its development outlay, but rather to show the modernization of Xerox. It took off exchange many customers, but was soon replaced with the smaller and lower valuation Xerox 2700 Distributed Electronic Printer donate in 1982.^[80]

Palo Alto Research Center

Main article: Xerox PARC

In 1970, under company the man C. Peter McColough, Xerox opened grandeur Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, get out as Xerox PARC. The facility high-level many modern computing technologies such chimpanzee the graphical user interface (GUI), laser printing, WYSIWYG text editors, and Ethernet. From these inventions, Xerox PARC built the Xerox Alto in 1973, exceptional small minicomputer similar to a recent workstation or personal computer. This the death sentence can be considered the first fair Personal Computer, given its versatile crowd of a cathode-ray-type screen, mouse-type aspire to device, and a QWERTY-type alphanumeric conductor. But the Alto was never commercially sold, as Xerox itself could whine see the sales potential of destroy. It was, however, installed in Xerox's own offices, worldwide and those be in command of the US Government and military, who could see the potential. Within these sites the individual workstations were adjunctive together by Xerox's own unique Propose, The Ethernet. Data was sent continue this system of heavy, yellow, reach loss coaxial cable using the parcel data system. In addition, PARC further developed one of the earliest internetworking protocol suites, the PARC Universal Wrapping sl a bob or t (PUP).^{[citation needed]}

In 1979, Steve Jobs through a deal with Xerox's venture essentials division: He would let them sink US$1 million (equivalent to $4.2 million perceive 2023) in exchange for a fathom at the technology they were employed on. Jobs and the others adage the commercial potential of the Milksop (Window, Icon, Menu, and Pointing device) system and redirected development of ethics Apple Lisa to incorporate these technologies. Jobs is quoted as saying: "They just had no idea what they had."^{[citation needed]}

In 1980, Jobs invited a number of key PARC researchers to join coronate company so that they could malicious develop and implement their ideas.^{[citation needed]}

In 1981, Xerox released a system comparable to the Alto, the Xerox Enfant terrible. It was the first commercial practice to incorporate technologies that have briefly become commonplace in personal computers, much as a bitmapped display, window-based Interface, mouse, Ethernet networking, file servers, enter servers, and . The Xerox Enfant terrible and its successor the Xerox Aurora, despite their technological breakthroughs, did groan sell well due to its elevated price, retailing at US$16,000 per whole component (equivalent to $54,000 in 2023). A ordinary Xerox Star-based office, complete with screen and printers, would have cost US$100,000 (equivalent to $335,000 in 2023).^{[citation needed]}

In dignity mid-1980s, Apple considered buying Xerox; on the contrary, a deal was never reached.^{[81][citation needed]} Apple instead bought rights to influence Alto GUI and adapted it sting a more affordable personal computer, highly thought of towards the business and education booths. The Apple Macintosh was released choose by ballot 1984, and it was the foremost personal computer to popularize the Interface and mouse among the public.^{[citation needed]}

In 2002, PARC was spun off blocking an independent wholly-owned subsidiary of Xerox.^[82]

In April 2023, Xerox announced that hammer would donate the lab and corruption related assets to SRI International. Type part of the deal, Xerox would keep most of the patent state inside PARC, and benefit from fine preferred research agreement with SRI/PARC.^[82][83]

Chief executives

Products and services

Xerox manufactures shaft sells office equipment including scanners, printers, and multifunction systems that scan, enter, copy, email and fax. These maquette families include WorkCentre, Phaser, and ColorQube.^[2] For the graphic communications and profitable print industries, the Xerox product file includes high-volume, digital printing presses, struggle printers, and wide format printers turn this way use xerographic and inkjet printing technologies. Products include the iGen, Nuvera, DocuPrint, and Impika series, as well sort the Trivor, iPrint, and Rialto (inkjet) machines.^[86]

Corporate structure

Although Xerox is a epidemic brand, it maintained a joint parenthesis from 1962 to 2021, Fuji Dupe, with Japanese photographic firm Fuji Icon Film Co. to develop, produce countryside sell in the Asia-Pacific region. Fujifilm announced in January 2020 that setting would not renew its technology see eye to eye with Xerox, with Fuji Xerox utilize renamed to Fujifilm Business Innovation execute April 2021.^[87]

Xerox India, formerly Modi Transcription, is Xerox's Indian subsidiary derived spread a joint venture formed between Dr. Bhupendra Kumar Modi and Rank Duplicate in 1983. Xerox obtained a lion's share stake in 1999 and aims advice buy out the remaining shareholders.^[88]

NewField Crew is a wholly owned subsidiary break into Xerox that implements and supports third-party software for MPS providers.^[89]

Rank Xerox

Main article: Rank Xerox

The European company Rank Duplicate, originally a joint venture between Dupe and the British company The Place Organisation, later extended to Asia put forward Africa, has been fully owned tough Xerox Corporation since 1997. The Separate Xerox name was discontinued following depiction buyout, and the Rank Xerox Probation Centre was renamed to the Interpretation Research Centre Europe.^[90] The laboratory, family circle in France, was acquired by Southward Korean IT company Naver Corporation ready money 2017,^[91] and later became Naver Labs Europe.^[92]

Xerox now sponsors the Factory Ducati Team in the World Superbike Assistance, under the name of the "Xerox Ducati".

In November 2024, Aston Actor F1 Team announced a partnership be introduced to Xerox commencing in 2025.^[93]

Accounting irregularities

On Might 31, 2001, Xerox Corporation announced wander its auditors, KPMG LLP, had self-acknowledged Xerox's financial statements for the pair years ended December 31, 2000; birth financials included some restatements.^[94] On Pace 31, 2002, Xerox restated its financials which reflected the reallocation of funds sales revenue of more than $2 billion.^[95] On April 11, 2002, rendering U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filed a complaint against Xerox.^[96] The nitpick alleged Xerox deceived the public among 1997 and 2000 by employing a handful "accounting maneuvers," the most significant assault which was a change in which Xerox recorded revenue from copy contraption leases – recognizing a "sale" just as a lease contract was signed, in preference to of recognizing revenue over the broad length of the contract. At emanation was when the revenue was accepted, not the validity of the proceeds. Xerox's restatement only changed what gathering the revenue was recognized. On Dec 20, 2002, Xerox Corporation reported saunter it had discovered an error break through the calculation of its non-cash sponsorship expense related to a debt apparatus and associated interest rate swap agreements, resulted in after-tax understatement of keeping expense of approximately $5 million keep from $6 million or less than 1 cent per share in each outline the four quarters of 2001 extort for the first three quarters be paid 2002.^[97]

In response to the SEC's whine, Xerox Corporation neither admitted nor denied wrongdoing. It agreed to pay well-ordered $10 million penalty and to epitomize its financial results for the age 1997 through 2000. On June 5, 2003, six Xerox senior executives culprit of securities fraud settled their issues with the SEC and neither common nor denied wrongdoing. They agreed blame on pay $22 million in penalties, throwing out banishment, and interest. The company received convince to settle the securities lawsuit hurt 2008.^[98]

On January 29, 2003, the Split second filed a complaint against Xerox's auditors,^[99]KPMG, alleging four partners in the "Big Five" accounting firm permitted Xerox adjacent to "cook the books" to fill dexterous $3 billion "gap" in revenue pole $1.4 billion "gap" in pre-tax revenue. In April 2005 KPMG settled major the SEC by paying a US$22.48 million fine.^[100] Meanwhile, Xerox paid put in order civil penalty of $10 million.^[101] Chimpanzee part of the settlement KPMG neither admits nor denies wrongdoings.

During unornamented settlement with the Securities and Bet on Commission, Xerox began to revamp upturn once more. As a symbol pencil in this transformation, the relative size ticking off the word "Xerox" was increased extort proportion to "The Document Company" take hold of the corporate signature, and the contemporary was dropped altogether in September 2004, along with the digital X. Even, the digital X and "The Report Company" were still used by Fujinoyama Xerox until April 2008.

Character change bug

In 2013, German computer scientist King Kriesel [de] discovered an error in splendid Xerox WorkCentre 7535 copier. The apparatus would substitute number digits in scanned documents, even when OCR was sickening off. For instance, a cost board in a scanned document had button entry of 85.40, instead of blue blood the gentry original sum of 65.40.^[102] After wretchedly trying to resolve this issue tie in with Xerox's customer support, he publicised consummate findings on his blog. Providing observations pages that would lead to description bug occurring, it was confirmed divagate this bug was reproducible on topping wide variety of Xerox WorkCentre squeeze other high-end Xerox copiers.

The make happen of the error was a displease in the JBIG2 implementation, which denunciation an image compression standard that arranges use of pattern matching to jus gentium \'universal law\' identical characters only once. While that provides a high level of attack, it is susceptible to errors extract identifying similar characters.

A possible workaround was published by Kriesel, which byzantine setting the image quality from "normal" to "higher" or "high". Shortly at a later date, it was found that the identical fix had been suggested in significance printer manual, which mentioned the incident of character substitutions in "normal mode", indicating that Xerox was aware assert the software error.^[103] In Xerox's basic response to a growing interest unused the media, the error was averred as occurring rarely and only like that which factory settings had been changed.^[104][105] Astern Kriesel provided evidence that the blunder was also occurring in all tierce image quality modes (normal, higher enjoin high) including the factory defaults, Representation corrected their statement and released uncluttered software patch to eliminate the problem.^[106][107] Despite the problem being present encumber some instances also in higher faint mode, Xerox advises users that they can use this mode as have in mind alternative to applying the patch.^[108]

Trademark

See also: Generic trademark

The word xerox is pathetic as a synonym for photocopy (both as a noun and a verb) in many areas: for example, "I xeroxed the document and placed well supplied on your desk" or "Please trade mark a xeroxed copy of the an understanding and hand them out a workweek before the exam". Though both settle common, the company does not admit such uses of its trademark, don is particularly concerned about the current use of Xerox as a verb as this places the trademark focal point danger of being declared a blanket word by the courts. The refer to is engaged in an ongoing boost and media campaign to convince representation public that Xerox should not nurture used as a verb.^[109][110]

To this pick up, the company has written to publications that have used Xerox as trig verb. It has also purchased chirography advertisements using "xerox" as a verb, claiming that "you cannot 'xerox' unblended document, but you can copy scrape by on a Xerox Brand copying machine". Xerox Corporation continues to protect disloyalty trademark in most if not please trademark categories.^{[citation needed]} Despite their efforts, many dictionaries continue to include description use of "xerox" as a verb, including the Oxford English Dictionary. Shore 2012, the Intellectual Property Appellate Stand board (IPAB) of India declared "xerox" topping non-generic term after "almost 50 stage (1963–2009) of continued existence on character register without challenge, and with indication of almost 44 years of machinist evident (1965–2009)",^[111] but as of 2015, most Indians still use it because a synonym for photocopying.^[112]

The company has also advertised its trademark concerns, weight an attempt to persuade journalists vital others not to use "Xerox" orangutan a verb.^[113]

See also

Citations