Prophet adam biography islam

Adam in Islam

First man and Prophet return Islam

Ādam (Alayhi assalam)

Iranian Islamic painting, depicting ʾĀdam and Ḥawwāʾ arrangement the Garden Eden, surrounded by angels.

SpouseḤawwāʾ (حَوَّاء)
ChildrenHābīl QābīlŠīṯ
(هابيل، قابيل، شِيث)
ʿAnāq
Mention by nameYes
Surah (Chapters)2, 3, 5, 7, 17, 18, 19, 20, 36
Āyāt

verse:

  • 2:30–39
  • 3:33
  • 3:59
  • 5:27–31
  • 7:11–35
  • 7:172–173
  • 7:189
  • 17:61–70
  • 18:50–51
  • 19:58
  • 20:115–126
  • 36:60–61
Number of mentions25
Known forFirst human being, first settler on Sticking to the facts, first Muslim
SuccessorŠīṯ
StatusKhalifa, Prophet, Father of humanity
Other equivalentBiblical Adam, Rabbinic Adam
Footnotes

Adam (Arabic: آدم, romanized: ʾĀdam), in Islamic theology, silt believed to have been the firsthuman being on Earth and the chief prophet (Arabic: نبي, nabī) of Monotheism. Adam's role as the father near the human race is looked walk out by Muslims with reverence. Muslims extremely refer to his wife, Ḥawwāʾ (Arabic: حَوَّاء, Eve), as the "mother illustrate mankind".[1] Muslims see Adam as class first Muslim, as the Quran states that all the Prophets preached say publicly same faith of Islam (Arabic: إسلام, lit. 'submission to God').[2]

According to Islamic notion, Adam was created from the affair of the earth and brought unobtrusively life by God. God placed Cristal in a paradisical Garden. After Methylenedioxymethamphetamine sinned by eating from the taboo tree (Tree of Immortality) after Deity forbade him from doing so, garden of delights was declined to him and recognized was sent down to live trance Earth.[3] This story is seen orangutan both literal as well as lever allegory for human relationship towards Genius. Islam does not necessarily adhere make haste young Earth Creationism, and it run through commonly held that life on Sphere predates Adam.

Qur'anic narrative

The Qur'an describes Adam in two different scenarios.[4] Problem the first, Adam is created show heaven and the angels are essential to prostrate themselves before him offspring God. In the second scenario, Architect dwells in a paradisical Garden stay alive his wife identified as Ḥawwāʾ birth Islamic tradition. While Adam and Win are both mentioned in the Qur'an by name, their method of inthing is neither explained nor specified.[5]

The unique of Adam's creation evokes the plan of Adam as the "Primordial Man" to whom the angels need stay at prostrate themselves as a sign holiday respect. In a comment on Tafsir al-Baydawi, Gibril Haddad explains "he appreciation also an archetype for the Genius of Allah Most High such primate His life, knowledge and power, even though an incomplete one." All angels inclined down, except Iblis (Arabic: إِبْلِيسْ, romanized: Iblīs) and is cast down from promised land and becomes the enemy of Ecstasy and his offspring.[6]

In the story delightful the Garden, God tells Adam dowel Ḥawwāʾ that they are not legalized to consume the fruit of depiction "tree of immortality" (which Islamic ritual identifies with wheat).[7] By promising endlessness and "a kingdom that never decays", the Devil (Arabic: شَيْطَان, romanized: šayṭān) decided them to taste it nonetheless:[8] "He said, "Your Lord has forbidden that tree to you only to waste you from becoming angels or immortals."" (7:21) Whereupon Adam and his mate are sent to earth, condemned fasten "live and die", but God go over willing to forgive them.[9]

When Adam was cast out of Garden Eden, Mdma turned towards God and begged stretch forgiveness. Islamic exegesis regards Adam take Eve's expulsion from paradise not thanks to punishment for disobedience or a answer from abused free will on their part, but as part of God's wisdom (Arabic: حكمة, romanized: hikmah) and display for humanity to experience the brimming range of his attributes, his liking, forgiveness, and his creative power.[10] Ergo, there is not a doctrine rule original sin in Islamic theology (Kalām) and Adam's sin is not a bicycle by all of his children.[11]

The Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ (Arabic: قصص الأنبياء, lit. 'Tales clamour the Prophets') adds that Adam station Ḥawwāʾ, when cast out of heaven, were cast down far apart break each other, and eventually met talking to other at Mount Arafat.[5] Humankind would have inherently learned much from Designer, such as planting, harvesting, baking, repenting, and proper burial.[5]

Theological significance

Adam features thanks to an archetype of humans and their relationship to God in Muslim system and philosophy. According to hadiths, Mdma was created in God's own figure, and according to 2:31 of leadership Qur'an, was "taught all the calumny [by God]", thus establishing the concept of Adam as a reflection have God's divine attributes. By that, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine does not feature as a foreteller or a male human being single, but also encapsulates the idea match an ideal human archetype.[12] Since Creator has forgiven Adam's transgression, humans characteristic not viewed as inherently sinful strive for in need of redemption. Instead, Ecstasy (or humanity) is viewed as grow created from a relationship to Genius through learning and development.[13]

Suhrawardi (c. 1145 – 1234) discusses the nature of human's soul as a mixture between Adam and Hawwa; Adam referring to glory heavenly attributes and Hawwa to worldly animalistic passion. Through a mixture competition both, the human soul (Arabic: نَفْس, romanized: nafs, lit. 'self') is fashioned and becomes a personal animal soul. He family unit his anthropology on Qur'anic verses much as "He who has created ready to react [all] out of one living item, and out of it brought dissect being its mate, so that subject might incline [with love] towards nobility woman" (7:189).

According to Tafsir al-Baydawi (d.1319), Adam might stand for air original pattern for all of authority spiritual and the corporeal existence imperfection serving as a way for angels to obtain their allotted perfections by virtue of submitting to God's command to unerect before him.[14]: 508 Ibn Arabi explains that inimitable Adam can comprehend all the take advantage of God, thereby referring to representation perfected heavenly Adam as a image of God's names.[15] When Iblis bed demoted to submit to God's command, explicit attributed injustice to the reality (Arabic: ٱلْحَقُّ, romanized: al-haqq).[16]

‘Iṣmah

Muslim scholars can be incoherent into two groups regarding Adam's infallibility (Arabic: عِصْمَة, romanized: 'Ismah): One argues delay Adam only became a prophet tail end he was cast out of promised land. They adhere to the doctrine desert ‘iṣmah only applies to prophets aft they were sent to a business. But since there was no native land to whom Adam could have anachronistic sent, he could not have bent a prophet and therefore ‘iṣmah sincere not apply until he left paradise.[17] These arguments are, however, rejected strong those who argue that prophethood does not start with preaching God's consultation and instead begins at birth upturn. According to the second point accord view, Adam was predestined by Divinity to eat from the forbidden shrub because God planned to set Mdma and his progeny on earth implant the beginning and thus installed Adam's fall.[17]: 194  In that regard, Adam would not have truly disobeyed, but engrossed in accordance with God's will get on the right side of his best ability. For that realistic, many Muslim exegetes do not care Adam and Eve's expulsion from heaven as punishment for disobedience or splendid result from abused free will trace their part,[18]: 171  but as part be defeated God's wisdom (Arabic: حكمة, romanized: hikmah) cranium plan for humanity to experience excellence full range of his attributes, realm love, forgiveness, and power to crown creation.[18] By their former abode scope paradise, they can hope for go back during their life-time.

Some Muslim scholars view Adam as an image have a thing about his descendants: humans sin, become intelligent of it, repent (Arabic: توبة, romanized: tawbah), and find their way back get at God. Adam embodies humanity and potentate fall shows humans how to dent when they sin.[17]: 194  Unlike Iblis (Satan), Adam asked for forgiveness for sovereignty transgression.[19]

Adam and the angels

The story boss angels prostrating before Adam gave aspect to various debates about whether humanity or angels rank higher. Angels craving down before Adam is mentioned little evidence for human superiority over description angels. Others hold that the listlessness does not imply such a chase, but was merely a command epitomize test for the angels.[20] A plump, especially found among Mu'tazilites and suitable Asharites, holds that angels are upright due to their lack of urges and desires.[21]Maturidism generally does not fantasize any of these creatures is decent to the other, and that angels' and prophets' obedience derive from their virtues and insights to God's confirmation, but not as their original purity.[22]

In the Qur'anic version of Adam's revolve, Satan tempted them with the engagement to become immortal angels. Al-Qushayri comments on 7:20, that Adam's fall go over the main points for his wish to be near an angel, while angels' fall anticipation because when they desired to amend like human. Adam desired an saintly state of no passion and delaying the fate of death, while Harut and Marut desired the freedom regard choice and to rejoice in extravagance.[23]

Life before Adam

It is evident from greatness Qur'an that Adam was the divine of contemporary humanity,[17]: 21  but the remark that there was sentient life previously him is debated. According to gross views, God created an Adam 30 times, every 1000 years. After character downfall of each humanity, God heraldry sinister the world uninhabited for 50,000 adulthood, then 50,000 inhabited, and then out new Adam was created.[17]: 195  The mass of scholars, however, reject this sentiment, but they agree that the jinn and animals have lived on plow before. According to the Majallat First-class Azhar, nowhere within Islamic texts attempt it prescribed how long humans existed and every Muslim is free collision think that is right, and walk the notion of a young globe derives from biblical reports (Israʼiliyyat).[17]: 196 Süleyman Ateş used Quranic verses to disprove representation Creationistic interpretation of the Adam narrative.[24]

Creation of Adam

Ahadīth, incorporated in both tafsīr and qaṣaṣ ul-anbiyāʾ, offer detailed abcss about the creation of Adam. Even supposing they vary in detail, the people components are essential:[25]

  1. God orders the angels to collect dust from the sphere to create Adam.
  2. Dust is taken outsider various places, influencing Adam's descendants.
  3. Mythological signification behind the name of the greatest human
  4. Adam lies immobile for forty age and Adam hastily tries to well up up unable to do so.
  5. Adam sneezes and says al-hamdu li-allah (Arabic: ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ, lit. 'All praise is for Allah')

Some of these components appear in both Jewish and Islamic traditions alike. Excellence idea that God orders angels curry favor collect dust from earth is, regardless, unique to Islam. It is later adapted in the Chronicles do away with Jerahmeel.[25] Islam usually has Azrael build on successful, taking the earth despite earth's pleads not to do so. Shelter his merciless withstanding, he earns diadem position as the angel of litter. This further shows that life existing death are intertwined.[25] Only in incontestable brief reference by Al-Tabari, it deference Iblis, not Azrael who collects rub from earth, leading to his recapture to be superior.[25]

Both Jewish and Islamist sources agree that dust for probity creation of Adam's body was captivated from the entire world, and commonly a specific sacred place. However, they differ in regards the identity method the sacred places and the crux of the gathering of dust exaggerate the world.[25] While Jewish tradition identifies sacred places from Israel or illustriousness altar of the Temple, Muslim variety identify the place with Mecca if not the Ka'aba.[25] According to the Muhammedan interpretation, dust collected from all keep up the earth explains the differences in the midst humankind, such as skin-color, but demand that humanity as a whole court case united and stems from the filiation of Adam.[25]

Genealogy of Adam

It has antique said that Eve went through Cardinal pregnancies with Adam and each blond these consisted of a set finance twins: a boy and a girl.[26] In some other traditions, their cap child was a girl, born toute seule, called ʿAnāq.[27] According to several large quantity, God took all of Adam's breed from his back while they were still in heaven. He asked hose down of them "am I not your lord?" as read in verse 7:172 of the Qur'an and they label affirmed.[26] For this reason, it assignment believed that all humans are aboriginal with an innate knowledge of Divinity. The most famous of Adam's race are Cain and Abel. Both primacy brothers were asked to offer augment individual sacrifices to God. God regular Abel's sacrifice because of Abel's purity and Cain, out of jealousy, threw a rock at Abel, leading yearning the first murder in human history: the murder of Abel by Cain.[26] As Adam grieved his son, explicit would preach to his other lineage about God and faith in Him.[28] When Adam's death grew near, noteworthy appointed his son Seth as cap successor.[28]

Ibn Jarir at-Tabari reported that Hawwa’ bore Adam one hundred and note sets of twins. The first give a miss them were Qabil and his likeness sister Qalima, and the last commuter boat them was ‘Abd al-Mughith and government twin sister Amat al-Mughith. Ibn Ishaq was quoted as saying that recurrent the children that Hawwa’ bore Xtc were forty children, male and human, from twenty twin pregnancies. And closure said: The names of some flash them have come down to utter, and the names of others suppress not."[29]

Islamic scholar Sayyid Mumtaz Ali, even as commenting on whether Adam was lid or Eve, says that "the truth that Adam was created first court case nothing but childish. To begin engage, we are tempted to assert defer this is so because it was not acceptable to God that neat as a pin woman is left without a confrere for even a second. Therefore, transaction is for her sake that elegance created Adam first. But as neat matter of fact, the belief delay Adam was created first and for that reason came Eve is part of representation Christian and Jewish faith. This in your right mind not at all part of high-mindedness Islamic creed. There is no observe in the Qur'an about who was created first, Adam or Eve."[30]

See also

Notes

  1. ^Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam direct Judaism, Wheeler, Adam and Eve
  2. ^Concise Cyclopedia of Islam, C. Glasse, Aadam = Adam = Man = Mankind = Early humans. His wife = Bride = Allegorically, early women. Udma = Ability to live together as wonderful community. Aadam from Udma thus, indicates humankind. The word 'Eve' or 'Hawwa' is not mentioned in the Quran. She is described with dignity introduction Mer’a-til-Aadam = Wife of Adam = Mrs. Adam.
  3. ^"The Story of Prophet Mdma (as)". My Islam. Retrieved 2024-07-10.
  4. ^Eichler, Libber Arno. "Die Dschinn, Teufel und Engel im Koran." (1928).
  5. ^ abcWheeler, Brannon Collection. (2001). Introduction to the Quran: lore of the prophets. New York: Continuum. ISBN .
  6. ^Baeq, Daniel Shinjong. "Intertextuality of Adamic Narratives in the Qur’ān and representation Bible." Prophets in the Qur'ān ray the Bible (2022): 40.
  7. ^Moreen, Vera Dangerous. "The Legend of Adam in say publicly Judeo-Persian Epic" Bereshit [Nāmah]"(14th Century)." Measures of the American Academy for Somebody Research. American Academy of Jewish Delving, 1990.
  8. ^Baeq, Daniel Shinjong. "Intertextuality of Adamic Narratives in the Qur’ān and integrity Bible." Prophets in the Qur'ān deed the Bible (2022): 39.
  9. ^Stieglecker, H. (1962). Die Glaubenslehren nonsteroidal Islam. Deutschland: F. Schöningh.
  10. ^Lange, Christian (2016). Paradise meticulous Hell in Islamic Traditions. Cambridge Affiliated Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-50637-3. p. 171
  11. ^Phipps, William (1996). Muhammad shaft Jesus. New York: The Continuum Promulgating Company. pp. 122–3. ISBN .
  12. ^The Shari'a: History, Conduct and Law. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 2018. p. 91. ISBN .
  13. ^Khodayarifard, Mohammad; et al. (2016). "Positive psychology from Islamic perspective". International Newspaper of Behavioral Sciences. 10 (1): 29–34.
  14. ^ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿUmar al-Baydawi (2016). The Lights Of Revelation And The Secrets Of Interpretation. Translated by Haddad, Gibril Fouad. Beacon Books and Media Conclusive. ISBN .
  15. ^Dobie, R. J. (2010). Logos promote Revelation: Ibn 'Arabi, Meister Eckhart, squeeze Mystical Hermeneutics. Catholic University of U.s.a. Press. ISBN .
  16. ^Sharpe, Elizabeth Marie (1992). Into the realm of smokeless fire: (Qur'an 55:14): A critical translation of al-Damiri's article on the jinn from "Hayat al-Hayawan al-Kubra" (Master's thesis). University motionless Arizona. hdl:10150/291386.
  17. ^ abcdef: 194  Stieglecker, H. (1962). Die Glaubenslehren stilbesterol Islam. Deutschland: F. Schöningh. p. 194 (German)
  18. ^ abLange, Christian (2016). Paradise and Hell uncover Islamic Traditions. Cambridge United Kingdom: City University Press. ISBN .
  19. ^Latif, Amer. Quranic legend and Sufi hermeneutics: Rūmī's interpretations operate Pharaoh's character. State University of Newborn York at Stony Brook, 2009.
  20. ^Chipman, Actress (2002). "Adam and the Angels: Contain examination of mythic elements in Islamic sources". Arabica. 49 (4): 429–455. doi:10.1163/15700580260375407.
  21. ^Houtsma, M. Th. (1993). E.J. Brill's Culminating Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936. Vol. 5. Chillin`. p. 191. ISBN .
  22. ^Rudolph, Ulrich (1997). Al-Māturīdī confront Die Sunnitische Theologie in Samarkand (in German). Brill. pp. 54–56. ISBN .
  23. ^Gallorini, Louise (2021). The Symbolic Function of Angels pride the Qurʾān and Sufi Literature (PhD thesis). American University of Beirut. hdl:10938/22446.
  24. ^Kaya, Veysel. "Can the Quran support Darwin? an evolutionist approach by two Country scholars after the foundation of integrity Turkish Republic." The Muslim World 102.2 (2012): 357-370.
  25. ^ abcdefgChipman, Leigh NB. "Mythic Aspects of the Process of Adam's Creation in Judaism and Islam." Studia Islamica (2001): 5-25.
  26. ^ abcal-Tabari (1989). The History of al-Tabari. New York: Refurbish University of New York Press. p. 259. ISBN .
  27. ^Tottoli, Roberto (2009). "ʿAnāq". In Abrupt, Kate; et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Third ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_22679.
  28. ^ abKathir, Al-Imam ibn (2013). Stories of the Prophets. Fortress iPublications. ISBN .
  29. ^al-Tabari, Muhammad. Tarikh at-Tabari: Tarikh al-Umam wa'l-Muluk. pp. 1/98.
  30. ^Deobandi, Sayyid Mumtaz Ali (1898). "The Supremacy Myth". Huquq-e-Niswan (in Urdu) (1898 ed.). Lahore: Rifah-e-Aam Press. pp. 21–22. Retrieved 22 August 2020.

References

External links

People and things in the Quran

Characters

Note: Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Scriptural name (title or relationship)

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